12^th World Pharma Congress October 16-18, 2017 Budapest, Hungary

Mateja Sirše is a Doctor of Gynecology at University Medical Centre Maribor, Slovenia. Her research focus in blood collection, followed by a morning visit, which included reviews Patient after surgery and prescribing therapies.

The aim of this study was to test the extract from silver fir wood (Belinal) on the reduction of the blood glucose concentrations after consumption of a standard meal. 31 healthy participants consumed 100 g of white bread 4 times (with 1 week washout period, consequently) concomitantly with a capsule of Belinal, capsule of chestnut wood extract, placebo or acarbose (active control). Glucose and insulin in the blood were measured before and after the meal. The area under the curve of glucose concentration in blood after the meal was 35% lower when Belinal was added compared with the placebo group (p=0.019). Acarbose lowered the area for 43% (p=0.002). By this, we proved that the effect of Belinal might be beneficial for prevention of diabetes. This is the first study that provides a scientific rationale for use of silver fir wood extract as food supplement for reduction of health risks connected to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Wendy Soria is a Doctoral student of Functional zoology at Lund University, Sweden. Her research focus in Anti-cancer stem cell activity of a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Ambrosia arborescens and of a synthetic derivative.

The NF-B signalling pathway is constitutively activated in Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) inducing the expression of genes that regulate proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Plant-derived Sesquiterpene Lactones (SLs) have been suggested to inhibit this transcription factor. SLs are found in plants from the Asteraceae family and one species in this family, Ambrosia arborescens, contains a high concentration of damsin. We have previously shown that treatment with damsin reduces the CSC population of the HER2 breast cancer cell line JIMT-1. Damsin was used as a starting material for the synthesis of the SL analogue DCS3 followed by the synthesis of four DCS3 SL analogues. The toxicity of DCS3 and the analogues was investigated in the normal-like human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A and in the JIMT-1 breast cancer cell line. Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values were obtained from MTT-based dose response curves. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate if the compounds inhibited TNF-induced translocation of NF-B to the cell nucleus. All compounds were more toxic to JIMT- 1 cells than to MCF-10A cells as shown by lower IC50 values in the former cells. DCS3 was more toxic than damsin and the DCS3 SL analogues were more toxic than DCS3. At IC50, all compounds inhibited TNF-induced translocation of NF-B to the cell nucleus. The compounds reduce the CSC sub-population of JIMT-1 cells. Our results suggest that these compounds should be further investigated to find efficient CSC inhibiting compounds that may be used in the clinic.

Wendy Soria is a Doctoral student of Functional zoology at Lund University, Sweden. Her research focus in Anti-cancer stem cell activity of a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Ambrosia arborescens and of a synthetic derivative

The NF-B signalling pathway is constitutively activated in Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) inducing the expression of genes that regulate proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Plant-derived Sesquiterpene Lactones (SLs) have been suggested to inhibit this transcription factor. SLs are found in plants from the Asteraceae family and one species in this family, Ambrosia arborescens, contains a high concentration of damsin. We have previously shown that treatment with damsin reduces the CSC population of the HER2 breast cancer cell line JIMT-1. Damsin was used as a starting material for the synthesis of the SL analogue DCS3 followed by the synthesis of four DCS3 SL analogues. The toxicity of DCS3 and the analogues was investigated in the normal-like human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A and in the JIMT-1 breast cancer cell line. Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values were obtained from MTT-based dose response curves. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate if the compounds inhibited TNF-induced translocation of NF-B to the cell nucleus. All compounds were more toxic to JIMT- 1 cells than to MCF-10A cells as shown by lower IC50 values in the former cells. DCS3 was more toxic than damsin and the DCS3 SL analogues were more toxic than DCS3. At IC50, all compounds inhibited TNF-induced translocation of NF-B to the cell nucleus. The compounds reduce the CSC sub-population of JIMT-1 cells. Our results suggest that these compounds should be further investigated to find efficient CSC inhibiting compounds that may be used in the clinic.

Eun-Ju Yang is a professor at Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea. He has his expertise in Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder in the Central Nervous System (CNS), and the immune responses induced by auto reactive T cells are the hallmark in the development of MS. The autoreactive T cells overproduce the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) leading to the microglia stimulation via the CXCL10 (IP-10) chemokine production. The licorice roots (Glycyrrhizae Radix, GR) have been investigated for various biological activities, however, the suppressive effect of GR on IFN-γ-stimulated microglia BV2 and the reactive mouse splenic T cell responses have not been reported yet. In this study, the GR ethanolic extract and its partitions were treated to BV2 cells and mouse splenic T cells to determine the anti-inflammatory effects. Ten ng/mL IFN-γ significantly enhanced the nitric oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α productions in BV2 cells, however, it was effectively inhibited by not only GR extract but also the Dichloromethane (MC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) fractions of GR. In addition, MC and EA fractions decreased the IP-10 production. On the other hand, when the mouse splenocytes were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 for 3 days, GR extract reduced the populations of IL-17A+IFN-γ+ and IL-17A-IFN-γ+ in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The IL-17A, IFN-γ, and IL-6 productions were decreased, as well. By MC and EA fractions, IL-17A+IFN-γ+CD4+, IL-17A-IFN- +CD4+, and IL-17A-IFN-γ+CD8+ T cell populations were effectively decreased, and the productions of IL-17A and IFN-γ were also suppressed. Especially, MC fraction significantly reduced the populations of Tbet+IFN-γ-, Tbet+IFN-γ+, and Tbet-IFN-γ+ in CD8+ cells, when the CD3+ T cells were polarized into TH1 and TC1 cells. The elevated IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL10 productions were also decreased. These data suggest that GR and its fractions could be useful for anti-inflammatory effect on microglia and T cells in the CNS autoimmune condition, especially MS.

Zahra Daghighpoor completed her High School Diploma in Natural Sciences from 1996 to 1997; Associate degree program in the field of Nurse Anesthetist at Iran University of Medical Sciences (1998-2000) and BA in the field of Nurse Anesthetist at Azad University of Medical Sciences (2010-2012).

In recent years in many people, depression causes unexplained physical symptoms such as back pain or headaches. While many objective research studies have concluded that there is little or no correlation between herniated discs and painful symptoms. Psychosomatic herniated disc pain is a lesser considered but very common source of enduring chronic symptoms which are often mistakenly linked to a coincidental disc abnormality. In the case of a herniated disc, the structural condition exists, but is not responsible for any painful complaint. The pain is actually the result of mild ischemia of the surrounding nerve and muscle tissues. Even the lowest levels of oxygen deprivation will affect the neurological structures near the herniated disc. This will cause localized and radiating nerve pain, tingling, numbness or weakness. The evidences suggest that psychosomatic does not mean imaginary or not real. It simply designates actual physical symptoms which are caused by, worsened by or perpetuated by a psychoemotional process. In essence, these symptoms are just like truly anatomically-motivated pain in their expression, but are enacted through nonstructural processes and for nonstructural reasons. On the whole herniation is so typical in many areas of the spine; the symptoms are often mistakenly blamed on these innocent disc irregularities. Many researchers argue that psychosomatic pain exists due to unresolved emotional issues which are repressed in the subconscious mind. These thoughts, feelings and memories are directly responsible for causing physical pain and related bodily or psychological symptoms as part of the repression process. In essence, the mind will use the pain as a camouflage, concealer or smokescreen, to hide these emotionally charged repressed thoughts. Being that these emotional issues are repressed, you do not think about them or even know they are causing you such health troubles, since they exist under the surface of conscious thought, in the deepest recess of your subconscious mind. As we have seen no one is immune from suffering some degree of psychosomatic pain in life. However, medical science does not like the word psychosomatic, so you will often hear this topic being discussed as stress-related pain instead. In fact most support the idea that even painful bulging disc should be treated conservatively and non-surgically. The stress-related back pain diagnosis is a psychosomatic or psychophysiological one. A psycho-physiological illness is any illness in which physical symptoms are thought to be the direct result of psychological or emotional factors. In the final analysis oxygen deprivation, also known as ischemia back pain is the anatomical process used as the enforcer of the subconscious mind’s desires. Simple

An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition. India currently has no regulations for orphan drug manufacturing or selling. It is estimated that 72,611,605 people are affected by rare diseases in India (2011). About 6000 to 8000 rare diseases, mostly genetic in nature have been identified. Recent news about orphan diseases in India was tracked and the data was compiled. No specific primary medication is available for orphan disease in India. However, secondary medications are being used for preventive treatment of these diseases. A group of pharmacologists requested the Indian government to enact the Orphan Drug Act in India at a conference held by the Indian Drug Manufacturers Association in 2001. However, this was a dead end as no such provisions have been initiated by the government till date. It is necessary on the part of the Indian government and regulatory bodies to implement such provisions and bring about a whirlwind of change by enacting provisions related to orphan drugs.

Not of standard quality drugs may end up in the status of not meeting the compendial requirements or standards as prescribed. India has pharmaceutical regulatory policy to handle such cases. There is a need to compare with the regulation procedure of FDA’s of countries like USA, Australia, Singapore, European Union and other countries, is of vital importance, for incorporation of better regulatory procedures, if any, into our system. This process will help India to come up with various newer innovated processes followed in the western world to adopt. This in turn will help the country to carve a better draft policy to counter the not of standards medicine and pharmaceuticals. The Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1940 and rules 1945 has provision to deal with such kind of issues, however there is a need to design newer methodology and process to identify, regulate, enforce not of standard quality pharmaceutical products. The Indian pharmaceuticals market is the third largest in terms of volume and thirteenth largest in terms of value, as per a report by equity master. India is the largest provider of generic drugs globally with the Indian generics accounting for 20% of global exports in terms of volume. Of late, consolidation has become an important characteristic of the Indian pharmaceutical market as the industry is highly fragmented. With 70% of market share (in terms of revenues), generic drugs form the largest segment of the Indian pharmaceutical sector. India supply 20% of global generic medicines market exports in terms of volume, making the country the largest provider of generic medicines globally and expected to expand even further in coming years. Over the Counter (OTC) medicines and patented drugs constitute 21% and 9%, respectively, of total market revenues of US$ 20 billion. The major challenges of these regulatory agencies and organizations around the world are to ensure the safety, quality and efficacy of medicines and medical devices, harmonization of legal procedures related to drug development, monitoring and ensuring compliance with statutory obligations. They also play a vital role to ensure and increase regulatory implementation in non-regulated parts of the world for safety of people residing there. The present study describes a brief review of various regulatory bodies of major developed and developing countries and the scope and challenges of such regulatory organizations in drug development and delivery of safe and effective healthcare products to individuals around the world.

Zhang Yi-Wen has her expertise in Pharmacogenetics on the in vivo process of chemotherapy drugs and endogenous substances, quantitative pharmacology research based on population pharmacokinetics. She participated in the construction of important new drug discovery platform of high throughput screening and evaluation of drug metabolism in vitro in cellular and molecular level and response to the several study of Phase I clinical trial. Now, she serves as youth committee member of chemotherapy pharmacological professional committee of Chinese pharmacological society and the precision medical branch of provincial translational medicine institute. She has undertaken four research projects, including national natural science foundation for young.

Molecularly targeted therapy is the main direction of anti-tumor care. Cell line is wildly used in the preclinical researches of molecularly target drug. While, the consistency of drug-target proteins profile between the human tumor tissues and human tumor cell lines is remained uncertain. In our study, we compared the expression level of drug-target proteins in patients’ colorectal carcinoma tissue with Caco-2 cell line from human protein database to clarify the consistency. The protein expression levels of FDA-approved target-proteins involving in both colorectal carcinoma patients and cell lines were scored base on the intension and quantity of immunohistochemical stain from the database of Human Protein Atlas. The protein expression between individual and cell line was compared. Then the consistency profiles of total proteins between individual and cell line were evaluated. Ultimately, proteins with well or poor consistent expression were identified analyzed by Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment. The expression levels of 176 target proteins involving in both Caco-2 cell line and colorectal carcinoma patients (n=104) were obtained and analyzed. Almost 57.4% of proteins in individual patients were consistent to cell line, which was independent from individual characteristics, such as age, gender and tumor location. About 40% and 47% of total protein, included 47 and 36 proteins with entirely consistent and inconsistent profile, were well and poor consistent expression between patients and cell line, respectively. Those inconsistent proteins were enriched in the pathways related to various types of cancer, immune, extracellular matrix receptor interactions and cytoskeleton. There was a significant difference in the target protein expression between Caco-2 cell line and colorectal tissue, the results suggest that the consistency was important to investigate cell as the model in drug preclinical development.