Dong-Hwan Lee has completed his PhD from Yonsei University College of Medicine. He is an Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacology in the department of clinical pharmacology and the Manager of the Clinical Pharmacology division of the clinical trial center in Pusan National University Hospital. He has published 13 papers in reputed journals

This study was performed to investigate the effect of CSS on the p-glycoprotein (p-gp) /MDR1 over-expression which is likely to bring about multi-drug resistance. The CSS is a marine derivative extracted from a oceanophyte under the East Sea of Korea. It was chosen from among 178 marine derivatives after preliminary cytotoxicity tests using human glioblastoma cell line to exclude compounds with severe reactivity and effectiveness screening tests with colon cancer cell line (LS174T). The viability of LST174T and breast cancer cells (MCF-7) treated with CSS was measured using CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (G7571, promega) for 120 hours with or without paclitaxel 10μM. The concentrations of CSS were 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30μM. To investigate the mechanism, the expression level of p-gp/MDR1 and PXR were assessed by western blot and RT-PCR with rifampin which induces MDR1 over-expression The CSS 30μM inhibited the cancer cell proliferation without killing the cells while cancer cells increased without CSS in the 96-well plates. The numbers of LS174T treated with paclitaxel 10μM decreased by 40% without CSS versus with CSS 10μM. In case of MCF-7, the rates were 0% without CSS versus 50% with CSS 10μM. The CSS inhibited the overexpression MDR1 and PXR in the presence of rifampin. The CSS seems to be a potent chemo-sensitizer overcoming multi drug resistance.

Adesanwo K Julius completed his PhD from University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria and Post-doctoral studies from KwaZuluNatal University (KZNU) Duban West-Ville South Africa. He is a senior lecturer at Chemistry Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. He has to his credit, over 16 publications in reputed journals

This study was designed to investigate the seed nut of Cola nitida for its phyto-constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Dried ground seed nut (2 Kg) was extracted by soaking (trice) in methanol at room temperature for 24 hrs. Combined filtrate was concentrated with rotary evaporator at 45oC. The methanol extract was partitioned with n-hexane, ethylacetate (ETOAc) and n-butanol. Accelerated Gradient Chromatography (AGC) fractionation of ethylacetate extract and subsequent purification of fractions afforded the identification of phytochemicals. Structural elucidation of isolated compound I was done with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques while compound II was identified with GCMS. The crude extract, fractions and isolated compound were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities by agar well diffusion and DPPH radical scavenging methods respectively. Compound I was identified to be caffeine (by its 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data and literature) and compound II as n-Hexadecanoic acid (by GCMS analysis). Compound 1 demonstrated antimicrobial activity against B. cereus, E. coli and P. vulgaris but low antioxidant activity. However, the methanol and EtOAc etracts showed good antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activity of the extracts is attributed to the presence of phenolics. These findings established the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extract from the seed nut of Cola nitida and also establish the presence of caffeine and n-hexadecanoic acid in the extract.

Mayuri Gupta Pathak obtained MD in Clinical Pharmacology from Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Kathmandu, Nepal in 2015. She obtained MBBS from Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH), Kathmandu, NEPAL in 2006. She is currently working as Lecturer at Patan Academic of Health Science (PAHS), Kathmandu Nepal. She worked as a tutor in Clinical Pharmacology before starting MD for 3 months in NMCTH. Her trainings include Neonatal advanced life support in KMCTH, Interdepartmental clinical meeting on “Diabetics and Anesthesia” in KMCTH and advanced cardiac life support in Anesthesia in NMCTH.

Introduction: Acute otitis externa is a common condition involving inflammation of the ear canal. The acute form is caused primarily by bacterial infection, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus the most common pathogens. Acute otitis externa presents with the rapid onset of ear canal inflammation, resulting in otalgia, itching, canal edema, canal erythema, and otorrhea and often occurs following swimming or minor trauma from inappropriate cleaning. Tenderness with movement of the tragus or pinna is a classic finding. Neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone preparations are a reasonable first-line therapy when the tympanic membrane is intact. Oral antibiotics are reserved for cases in which the infection has spread beyond the ear canal or in patients at risk of a rapidly progressing infection. Aim: To compare the efficacy of polymyxin B, Neomycin and Polymyxin B, Neomycin, Hydrocortisone in the treatment of Otitis externa. Methodology: This study was carried out in the Department of ENT, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Nepal from August 2012 to May 2014. This, prospective randomized study included patients with otitis externa. Patients of all age groups and both gender were included in this study. Patients were randomized into two groups; Group A patients, who received Polymyxin B, Neomycin and Group B patients who received Polymyxin B, Neomycin, Hydrocortisone. Pack soaked either with polymyxin B neomycin/ hydrocortisone and applied for 48 hours. If not recover again applied for next 48 hours.

Wshar Ali Ismael has his expertise in analytical chemistry and determination of pharmaceutical formulations. He has used flow injection analysis technique in his researches and has concluded chemiluminescence reactions in his research for detection and analysis of pharmaceutical compounds. He worked as a Lecturer in Chemistry Department, Education College, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq since 1992 until now. He taught instrumental analysis in the Chemistry Department.

A rapid flow injection-chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method was used for determination of 4-nitrophenol and some nitroaromatic compounds. These compounds, which have electron-donating group on the ortho and para positions, undergo on-line reduction using a minicolumn of zinc redactor in acidic medium to their corresponding aminophenols. The produced aminophenols were reacted with permanganate ion and polyphosphpric acid in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide as enhancer for the produced CL. The method extended to include some related nitroaromatic compounds of pharmacological interest with similar structural formations representative such as metronidazole, furazolidone, nitrofurantoin and nitrazepam. Under the optimum conditions, calibration graphs were obtained in the concentration ranges (0.020-1.50 and 2.00-8.00) μg/ml for 4-nitrophenol, 0.50-14.0 μg/ml for metrnidazol, 0.50-100.0 μg/ml for furazolidone, 0.50-60.0 μg/ml for nitrazepam and 3.0-35.0 &50.0-120.0 μg/ml for nirofurantoin. The method was successfully applied for the determination of these compounds in dosage.The aim of this work was to develop a simple and rapid method for the determination of 4-nitrophenol and related nitro-drug compounds, not requiring sophisticated instruments but giving results comparable with those obtained by the standard methods in British pharmacopeia.